ABSTRACT
Se ha demostrado que las funciones fisiológicas oscilan durante ciclos de 24 horas (circadianos), menos de 24 horas (ultradianos) y mayores de 24 horas (infradianos), lo que se denomina ritmos biológicos (cronobiología). El presente artículo hace énfasis en cómo los ritmos biológicos pueden incidir en la respuesta a los medicamentos y la terapéutica psiquiátrica (cronofarmacología, cronoterapia). Esta variable de estudio podría ofrecer nuevos márgenes en la eficacia y seguridad de los medicamentos y hacer su uso más racional.
It has been shown that physiological functions oscillate during cycles of 24 hours (circadian), of less than 24 (ultradian) and larger than 24 hours (infradian). These are called biological rhythms (chronobiology). This article emphasizes on how biological rhythms may influence response to drugs and psychiatric treatment (chronopharmacology, chronotherapy). The study of this variable could offer new perspectives on efficacy and safety of drugs in order to pursue a more rational use of them.
Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Chronotherapy , Psychopharmacology/methods , Biological Clocks , Depression/drug therapy , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/drug therapyABSTRACT
Issues relating to informed consent and ethics in paediatric psychopharmacology limit research in this population. Children vary in their levels of cognitive development, and presence of psychiatric disorder may further impair their ability to give informed consent. In decisional impairment subjects, various methods used for consent are assent/dissent; inclusion of advance directives; and/or alternative decision-makers. India is emerging as a new market for clinical trials in recent years. Moreover, in India the sociocultural realities are different from those in the western countries making it necessary for professionals to be cautious in conducting drug trials. In this review, issues regarding informed consent in children and adolescent with psychiatric diagnosis are discussed for information, discussion and debate by professionals, parents, society and legal experts to create awareness and to facilitate development of guidelines that are appropriate and applicable to the Indian system.
Subject(s)
Age Factors , Child , Child Welfare , Humans , India , Informed Consent/psychology , Psychopharmacology/methods , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
Introducción: Una de las funciones más importantes del profesional farmacéutico como especialista de medicamentos, es su labor comunitaria. El Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos de la Universidad de La Habana desarrolla un proyecto comunitario con la Farmacia Museo La Reunión, dentro de cuyas actividades fijas se encuentran las Tardes de la Infusión, marco propicio para el desarrollo de temas generales relacionados con medicamentos. Uno de los temas seleccionados para tales propósitos fue el de los psicofármacos, por ser un grupo de fármacos de importancia particular. Métodos: Las Tardes de la Infusión son actividades de frecuencia mensual, que desarrolla temáticas farmacéuticas generales y está dirigida a la población y a los estudiantes de los primeros años de la carrera de Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Para el caso de la actividad desarrollada acerca del tema de psicofármacos, se utilizó la modalidad de mesa redonda, seguida de debate auditorio-panel. Resultados: Se abordaron algunos aspectos de interés relacionados con la historia del uso de psicofármacos y del tratamiento de las enfermedades mentales, y se realizó particular énfasis en los psicofármacos más conocidos y utilizados por la población. Se dedicó un interés especial a la necesidad del uso racional de medicamentos, en particular de los psicofármacos. Discusión: El tipo de actividad desarrollada permitió que tanto estudiantes como población presente enriquecieran sus conocimientos acerca del tema. Se logró vincular a los estudiantes en las actividades de información sobre medicamentos y educación sanitaria, siendo dicha actividad la que marcó el inicio de la participación de estos en el proyecto comunitario.
Introduction: One of the most important functions of the pharmaceutical professional as a drug specialist is his community work. The Institute of Pharmacy and Food of the University of Havana develops a community Project with La Reunión Pharmacy Museum, which includes among its activities The Infusion Afternoons, a propitious setting for the development of general topics related to drugs. One of the most selected to this end was that on psychotropic drugs, since it is a group of drugs of particular importance. Methods: The Infusion Afternoons are monthly activities dealing with general pharmaceutical themes that are directed to the population and to the first-year students of Pharmaceutical Sciences. In the case of psychotropic drugs, it was used the modality of round table, followed by audience/panel debate. Results: Some aspects of interest connected with the history of the use of psychotropic drugs and of the treatment of mental diseases were approached, and special emphasis was given to those psychotropic drugs most commonly known and used by the population. The attention was focused on the need of a rational use of psychotropic drugs. Discussion: The type of activity developed made possible that both the students and the population improved their knowledge about this topic. The students were linked with the activities of drug information and health education. This activity marked the beginning of their participation in the community project.
Subject(s)
Humans , Social Planning , Psychopharmacology/history , Psychopharmacology/methods , Psychopharmacology/standardsABSTRACT
A associação da psicofarmacoterapia à psicoterapia é prática freqüente e muitas vezes indispensável. É essencial a compreensão psicodinâmica da relação da dupla paciente/psicoterapeuta, caracterizando o tratamento combinado, e do trio paciente/psicoterapeuta/psicofarmacoterapeuta, no caso da co-terapia, já que, se negada ou pouco compreendida, pode levar ao fracasso do tratamento. Este estudo revisa os aspectos psicodinâmicos e técnicos relacionados à integração dos tratamentos psicoterápicos e psicofarmacológicos, na tentativa de buscar a maneira mais adequada de lidar com as questões transferenciais e contratransferenciais envolvidas nessas modalidades terapêuticas.
Association of psychotherapy and psychopharmacotherapy is a frequent and often indispensable practice. Understanding the psychodynamics of the patient-psychotherapist relationship, characterizing the combined treatment, and the triad patient-psychotherapist-psychopharmacotherapist, concerning split treatment, is essential, since it can lead to treatment failure if denied or poorly understood. The present study aims at reviewing the psychodynamic and technical aspects of psychopharmacologic and psychotherapeutic treatment integration, as an attempt to find the most adequate way to deal with the transference and countertransference aspects involved in these therapeutic modalities.